{"id":5741,"date":"2025-12-31T21:47:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T13:47:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/?p=5741"},"modified":"2026-02-08T22:56:24","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T14:56:24","slug":"essential-guide-to-buying-engines-questions-and-considerations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/essential-guide-to-buying-engines-questions-and-considerations\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0646\u0639\u0645-\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u061b \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: LKQ Pick Your Part\u060c \u0648 Pull-A-Part\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u201c\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u201d (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633) \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u201d (\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a). \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u061b \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b 30-90 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th><th>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/th><th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\/\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648<\/td><td>30-180 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/td><td>\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td><td>\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 - 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u061b \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629<\/td><td>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>90-365 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u061b \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647: \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643: \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 2GR-FE\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627 K24A\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0632 LS3\u061b \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b (\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leak-down_tester\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Borescope\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628<\/a>\u00a0\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0630\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a: \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ww2.arb.ca.gov\/aftermarket-part\/engine-changes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a CARB<\/a>\u00a0\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 VIN \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629)\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u061f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u062a\u064f\u0647\u061f \u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631<\/th><th>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a)<\/th><th>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a)<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td><td>~160-210 \u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u226410%<\/td><td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\/\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td><td>\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u226520% \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644<\/td><td>\u226415-20% \u0641\u064a TDC<\/td><td>\u226420% (\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645)<\/td><td>&gt;30% \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u0647\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646)<\/td><td>\u226520 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 (\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632)<\/td><td>\u226515-25 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 (\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631)<\/td><td>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td><td>\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td><td>\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td><td>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0632\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\/\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0621<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062e \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/td><td>\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 (\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628) \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u061b \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\/\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637)\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\/\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637: 30-90 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646: \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 24-48 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 (\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c ISO 9001\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631)\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a) \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631) \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 LHD)\u061f \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (PTO)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/emission-standards-reference-guide\/nonroad-compression-ignition-engines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 4 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1628\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/a>, \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.msha.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (MSHA)<\/a>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Selective_catalytic_reduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SCR<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diesel_particulate_filter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DPF<\/a>, DOC\u061b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 ISO 3046 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.parker.com\/eme\/hoseandfittings\/en\/understanding-iso-cleanliness-codes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ISO 4406<\/a>\u00a0\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642\u0646).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mean_time_between_failures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644<\/a>)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u061b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 Cummins QSK\u060c Caterpillar C27\/C32\u060c MTU Series 4000).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\/\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a)\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/th><th>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647<\/th><th>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td><td>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f PTO\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/td><td>\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/td><td>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/td><td>\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Can you buy an engine from a junkyard? Yes\u2014junkyards sell engines; confirm fit and tests. Understanding Junkyard Engines Options Pros and Cons of Junkyard Engines Junkyard Engine Types and Buying Context (comparison table) Source Type Typical Offer Testing Evidence Warranty Range Notes Full\u2011service recycler Pull\u2011tested complete\/long block Compression\/leak\u2011down, video 30\u2013180 days Can request donor VIN, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3995,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"Essential Guide to Buying Engines: Questions and Considerations","_seopress_titles_desc":"Clear guidance on buying engines, covering key questions, specs, costs, and common pitfalls to help you choose the right engine for your project.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"65","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"both","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":301,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[{"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_type":"custom","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_custom":"<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Can you buy an engine from a junkyard?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Yes\u2014junkyards sell engines; confirm fit and tests.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"What questions to ask when buying an engine?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Key Questions to Assess Engine Quality: What is the donor vehicle\u2019s VIN, model year, and mileage (odometer and yard inventory record)? Are there test results? Request compression\/leak\u2011down numbers, oil analysis, and hot idle oil pressure. Any signs of overheating, coolant intrusion, sludge, or cracked block\/heads? Which accessories and sensors are included or excluded? Has the engine been stored indoors, drained, and capped? How long since removal? Are there known TSBs or recalls for this engine family, and were updates applied?\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Can you buy an engine from a junkyard?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Key Questions to Assess Engine Quality (junkyard\u2011specific): Was the engine \u201crun\u2011tested\u201d in the donor car or on a stand? Request video or logs. Any damage to oil pan, mounts, or sensors from removal? Are ancillaries compatible (e.g., turbo actuator type, high\u2011pressure fuel pump variant)? Is the immobilizer\/ECU needed, and will the yard include it? What is the return policy if the engine is internally damaged after install?\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"What questions to ask when buying an engine?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Practical Question Set for Non\u2011junkyard sources (reman\/new): Is the engine OEM new, OEM reman, or third\u2011party reman? What standards are used (e.g., ISO 9001, test cell validation)? What break\u2011in procedure and oil spec are required? Are updated components (timing chains, lifters) included? What is the warranty labor rate cap and maximum claim amount? Are installation kits (gaskets, seals, sensors) included or required?\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Top Questions Every Mining Buyer Should Ask Before Ordering Engines\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Compatibility Checks and Requirements: Equipment and fit: Which machine and variant (e.g., haul truck, loader, underground LHD)? Match bellhousing pattern, mounts, and torsional damper. Cooling pack size, airflow, and ambient conditions; check radiator, charge\u2011air cooler, and fan power. Power take\u2011offs (PTO), alternator capacity, hydraulic pump interfaces. Emissions and compliance: Required standard: EPA Tier 4 Final, EU Stage V, or local (MSHA for U.S. underground). Aftertreatment needs: SCR, DPF, DOC; space and heat management. Fuel sulfur level (ULSD vs. higher sulfur); impact on aftertreatment longevity.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Evaluating Engine Performance and Reliability\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Duty cycle and rating: Define load profile (percent time at high load, idle, and transient peaks). Select continuous vs. variable speed ratings; ask for ISO 3046 or OEM rating sheet. Derate and environment: Altitude and temperature derate curves; verify output at site elevation and summer highs. Dust load and filtration targets (aim for ISO 4406 cleanliness suitable for injectors). Reliability metrics: Mean time between failures (MTBF), scheduled overhaul interval, and typical time\u2011to\u2011rebuild for your duty cycle. Oil and coolant analysis intervals; specify sampling program.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Supplier and Warranty Considerations\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Vendor capability: Availability of models proven in mining (e.g., Cummins QSK series, Caterpillar C27\/C32, MTU Series 4000). Local dealer\/service network coverage, technician availability, parts lead times. Warranty terms: Coverage in hours and months; what\u2019s excluded (filters, sensors, electronics)? Field repair support, loaner engines, and maximum downtime commitments. Documentation: Factory test certificate, performance map, emissions certificate, wiring diagrams, installation manual.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Delivery, Maintenance, and Support\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Logistics: Shipping crate dimensions, weight, handling instructions, and site offload equipment. Commissioning plan: pre\u2011lube, calibration, and ECU parameter setup. Spares and consumables: Initial spares kit: filters, belts, gaskets, injectors, sensor set. Lubricant and coolant spec, change intervals, and stocking levels. Monitoring and training: Telemetry\/telematics options for alarms and trend analysis. Operator and technician training, scheduled maintenance plan, and escalation contacts.\"\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n  ]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>"}],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-belaz-engine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5741"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5744,"href":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5741\/revisions\/5744"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zentramo.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}